Cooperation Initiatives by EU Member States with Third Countries for the Control of Migratory Flows: The Case of the Memorandum of Understanding Between Malta and Libya

Following the previous informal Italy-Libya and EU-Turkey agreements, Malta concluded its own Memorandum of Understanding with Libya to establish two coordination centres in Tripoli Malta, fully funded by May 2020. In our paper, we will frame this non-legally binding agreement within strategy EU Member States cooperate deterritorialisation migration management reduce number migrants asylum seekers arriving at Europe’s external borders. We analyse legal implications, both formal material concerns, that exist application Memorandum, starting informalisation cooperation management, effects on human rights possible international responsibility it may entail. 
 Received: 31 July 2022Accepted: 10 October 2022